Vegueta is an academic journal that focuses on the humanities, publishing both theoretical and empirical studies across a variety of disciplines. It covers a broad spectrum of topics, including visual and performing arts, literary arts, art history, anthropology, archaeology, communication studies, cultural studies, education, history, literature, philosophy, and more. The journal invites original research, creative works, and critical essays, appealing to social researchers, artists, theorists, and scholars in the humanities. The journal follows a rigorous peer review process, where submissions are initially assessed by the editorial board and then reviewed by two anonymous peer reviewers. Vegueta is published monthly and offers open access to all its content, supporting the free and global exchange of knowledge. Adhering to ethical standards set by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the journal ensures fairness, confidentiality, and integrity throughout the publication process, requiring authors and reviewers to uphold high standards of academic conduct.
"PARTITION AND ITS AFTERMATH: EXAMINING THE SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS OF POST-COLONIAL INDIA"
The Partition of India in 1947 was a watershed moment that significantly transformed the socio-political landscape of the subcontinent. This paper examines the complex dynamics of Partition and its lasting effects on community relations, governance, and national identity in post-colonial India. Through a detailed analysis of historical contexts, immediate aftermath, and socio-economic consequences, the paper illustrates how Partition instigated unprecedented mass migration and communal violence, resulting in deep-seated tensions that persist to this day. Case studies from Punjab, Bengal, Kashmir, and Gujarat highlight the diverse impacts of Partition, demonstrating how forced displacement and identity politics have influenced contemporary societal discourse. Furthermore, the paper discusses the cultural ramifications of Partition, illustrating how literature and education have reflected and shaped collective memory and identity among affected communities. Despite initiatives aimed at fostering communal harmony and reconciliation, the enduring legacy of Partition continues to complicate political dynamics and social interactions across India. Understanding these complexities is essential for recognizing the challenges faced by modern Indian society, emphasizing the need for ongoing dialogue and reconciliation. Ultimately, the paper underscores the imperative to confront the historical realities of Partition to promote peace and inclusivity in India’s diverse cultural fabric, indicating that the impacts of this historical event are not merely relics of the past but active forces that shape contemporary life.
Partition of India, Post-colonial dynamics, Communal relations, Socio-political impact, National identity.
Freedom and Democracy are essential for growth and development of the natlon. Rajaji's far-sighted economic policies and ideologies based on freedom are the way for quick economic prospe' rity and social stability. It would strengthen free society. On the other hand, socialism based on "command economy" worked havoc. There are more people today below the poverty line in India than ever before. The gains of the economy have been cornered by the corrupt politicians, bureaucracy and sycophant businessmen. The stability of the society is in danger. In 1957, I had the privilege of meeting Rajaji for the first time. In the course of the talk, he told me: "Tell business men to give up their fears and boldly speak out their views on economic policies on what is good for the country." When I mentioned to Rajaji the difficulty of such a task in view of the fear complex of many business men, he counselled: "There is nothing to be afraid of the Government if one is sincere in the expression of one's views." He gave his own example. Early in his life, there was an occasion to criticise some policy of the then ~r~tish rulers of the country, and all advised him against it saying that the powerful government would crush him. Nevertheless he went ahead, and found to his pleassnt surprise that instead of penalising him in any way, the Government respected him all the more for his frank expression of views in public interest. Further, it went out of the way whenever he had to deal with the Government to accommodate his wishes.
Democracy, economic, businessmen, accommodate.
INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
International Humanitarian Law (IHL), often called the law of armed conflict, is a vital set of international rules. It aims to limit the harm from war by protecting people who aren't fighting or have stopped like civilians, wounded soldiers, and prisoners and by setting limits on how wars are fought. Despite its foundational role in upholding human dignity during war, IHL faces numerous challenges in today’s complex global landscape. This Article examines the key issues confronting IHL, including the changing nature of warfare such as the rise of non-state armed groups, cyber warfare, and autonomous weapons as well as the persistent problem of non-compliance and accountability gaps. The role of international institutions, including the United Nations and the International Committee of the Red Cross, is analysed in the context of enforcement and advocacy. Furthermore, the paper explores the tension between state sovereignty and humanitarian intervention, the impact of asymmetric warfare, and the difficulties in applying IHL in internal armed conflicts. Through a critical analysis of case studies and legal instruments, this study underscores the urgent need for stronger mechanisms of implementation, enhanced international cooperation, and legal reform to address the evolving nature of modern armed conflicts.
Dr.Suganthini.A* , Dr.V.Karthikeyan , Dr.S.Jenifer Stella , Mr.D.Rohan Kumar , Mrs. R.Gowri Shankari
ARCHITECTURAL KINSHIP: BALI'S MERU AND HIMACHAL'S PAGODA TEMPLES
This article explores a striking architectural kinship between temples of two geographically distant yet culturally linked regions within the broader Hindu sphere. The study focuses on the shared multi-tiered, pyramidal roof form—manifested as the Meru tower in Bali and the pagoda-style temples of the Himalayan region—as a key indicator of a common symbolic and architectural lineage rooted in the concept of Mount Meru. While emphasizing this structural similarity, the article also analyses significant differences in layout, materials, and construction techniques shaped by climatic and environmental conditions. Balinese temples exhibit open, courtyard-based planning with stone and thatch, whereas Himachali temples are compact, timber-stone structures adapted to alpine conditions. Together, these building design styles illustrate cultural diffusion alongside regional adaptation. The image on right demonstrates the pagoda-style temple of Uluwatu in Bali as an example.
THE SUPREMACY OF KADAVARAYAS IN VILLUPURAM REGION GLEANED FROM INSCRIPTIONS
Kadavarayar were the Pallava rulers of South India. After the decline of the Pallava kingdom in the 9th century CE, their descendants became petty chieftains under the Cholas. They began to challenge the Chola power in the 13th century CE. Their inscriptions are found in places like Vriddhachalam, Thiruvennainallur, Kanchi and many other parts of Thondaimandalam. Koperuncingam, called Maharaja Simha in Sanskrit, the best known among them (13th century CE), was a very religious ruler and a great devotee of Shiva, especially Nataraja of Chidambaram. He constructed the eastern gopuram of the Chidambaram temple and decorated the four sides of this structure with the booty received from his conquests. This paper focuses on reign on Kadavarayas in Villupuram region in detailed manner.
Kadava, Feudatories, Kopperunjinga, Epigraphs
FESTIVALS OF IRULA TRIBES IN VILLUPURAM DISTRICT OF TAMIL NADU
Festivals are considered as a special gathering regarding particular events which are related to social activities, cultural traits or religious fervor. Festivals are more significant for cultural preservation, community building and personal well being. These are foster parent of social harmony, family bonding and provide also economic opportunities. These are also a break from the daily routine and tire some works allowing for joy, reflection and a sense of collective identity. There are many festivals in India as national festivals. Many are common in the state level festivals. Some other festivals are applicable only to particular group of people and particular topographical area. For example, river festivals are being celebrated only at the surrounding of the river bed areas. Festival like Kanniyamman festival or Kannimar festival is being celebrated by Irulas. Kanniyamman is the Hindu terrestrial and family goddess of particular group of people. Irula tribe is one of the primitive tribal groups in Tamil Nadu. Irula tribe is considered as hill tribe as they are living in Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu. Apart from that they are also living in northern districts of Tamil Nadu such as Thiruvalloor, Chengalpattu, Thiruvannamalai and Villupuram districts. Though they are living in some districts of Tamil Nadu, this article concentrated only the festivals celebrated by the Irula tribes in Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu.
traits, fervor, harmony, primitive, topographical area, terrestrial, Kanniyamman Kannimar, concentrated and celebration.
LAND GRANTS TO TEMPLES UNDER THE PALLAVAS
In the early Pallava period the royal land donations made to the Brahmins is comparatively more than that to the temple. The Pallavas, Pandyas and the Cholas welcomed the Brahmin migrants to Tamilnadu from various parts of India and made enormous gifts to them. Only scanty information is available regarding the other sections of the society. One of the greatest sovereigns of the Pallava dynasty, was a Jain, later converted to Saivism by Appar. He erected a temple for Trimvurate ie., Brahma, Vishnu and Siva with the use of imperishable materials such as stone. It marked a revolutionary departure from tradition. The temple became a major institution. The religious life of the people centered around the local temple. Temples provide solace and comfort to the people besides appeasing their inner urges and the search within. Those who wanted to amass the blessings of the God liberally donated lands to the temples as part of their prayers. There is a bulk of epigraphical evidence during the Pallava and Pandya times which speaks about construction, renovation and additions made to the temples. The benefactors in the list are the kings, chieftains, noble persons, royal ladies and other royal members beside them are the Brahmins including Brahmin ladies, officials, merchants, pontiffs and village administrative bodies. This paper focuses on various types of land grants by the Pallava kings donated to the temples.
Devadana, Bramadeya, Chathurvedimangalam, Plates and Inscriptions
TEMPLE AND THE VILLAGE ASSEMBLY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SIDDHALINGAMADAM
The temple occupied a place of vital importance in the history of South India. It constituted a powerful social and economic entity. There is no doubt that the temple served not only as a place of worship but also as the focus of the material life of the people. In this chapter the inscriptions of Siddhalingamadam temple mention the different social groups and economic milieu of the village connected and concerned with the temple and the village. The donations made to the temple were in cash and kind and such donations have been properly studied. People belonging to the various castes live together in this village. In those days the temple must have been the common place where all the people forgot their minor differences.
ATTITUDE OF HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS (BOYS) TOWARDS WOMEN’S EMPLOYMENT AT HOWRAH DISTRICT
Introduction: Attitudes of male students towards women’s employment play a crucial role in shaping societal perspectives on gender roles. Understanding these attitudes is essential for promoting gender equality and encouraging young men to support women’s workforce participation. Howrah district, with its mix of urban and semi-urban populations, provides a representative setting to explore these perceptions among higher secondary school boys. Aims and Objectives: To assess the attitudes of higher secondary male students in Howrah district towards women’s employment and identify factors influencing their perceptions. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 male students from ten randomly selected higher secondary schools in Howrah district, India. A structured Likert-scale questionnaire was used to measure attitudes across domains including social acceptability, career suitability, and perceived family roles. Data were analysed to determine the prevalence of positive, neutral, and traditional attitudes and to examine correlations with exposure to working women in families or communities. Results: Among 60 higher secondary boys, most supported women’s right to work and pursue careers (mean scores 3.75–4.25). They favored shared household duties (mean 4.05) and workplace equality (mean 4.08–4.20) but noted cultural barriers (mean 3.15). Some traditional views persisted regarding women prioritizing home (mean 3.05).Future-oriented responses highlighted strong support for gender education and advocacy. Conclusion: Higher secondary male students in Howrah district exhibit a mix of traditional and progressive attitudes toward women’s employment. Educational initiatives and awareness programs are recommended to further promote gender equality and foster supportive attitudes among young men.
Higher secondary students, boys’ attitudes, women’s employment, gender perception, Howrah district.
WOMAN AND SPIRITUAL MEDICINE IN THE SHIITE SPHERE: FROM THEOLOGICAL SYMBOLISM TO MECHANISMS OF EMOTIONAL CATHARSIS: A STUDY IN MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TRANQUILITY
This research examines the pivotal role of women within "Shiite Spiritual Medicine," exploring the profound intersections between doctrinal practices and modern psychological frameworks. The study addresses a central epistemological problematic: how "Sacred Femininity"—embodied by Fatima al-Zahra and Zaynab bint Ali—transcends historical-theological symbolism to become active "therapeutic protocols" that enhance psychological resilience and physical immunity for the contemporary woman. Utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach, the research investigates the rituals of the Mullaya, Nudhur (vows), and Sifrat (ritual tables) as spaces for emotional catharsis and mechanisms for collective social support. Furthermore, it highlights the semiotic and preventive dimensions of the system of Adhkar (invocations) and Ahraz (talismans), particularly in the stages of "fetal fortification" and the management of spiritual disturbances such as envy and existential anxiety. The study concludes that contemporary Shiite spiritual medicine, guided by educated women and rationalist Hawza (seminary) trends, has successfully delineated the boundaries between "spiritual intercession" and "charlatanism." It establishes a concept of "equilibrium" where the metaphysical complements rather than contradicts material medicine. The significance of this research lies in bridging the gap between medical Hadith heritage and its psychosomatic applications amidst modern challenges, emphasizing the woman’s capacity to manage "spiritual tranquility" as a tool for restoring the structural integrity of the personality.
Sacred Femininity, Spiritual Medicine, Husayni Convocations, Emotional Catharsis, Psychological Tranquility, Spiritual Fortification, Medical Anthropology, Rational Equilibrium
Prof. Khalid Sindawi, Prof. Salman Zarqa
MORE SPENDING OR BETTER SPENDING? EDUCATION EXPENDITURE AND INCOME INEQUALITY IN OECD COUNTRIES
The issue of income inequality is one of the most acute socio-economic issues of developed economies, including the countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The public spending on education is largely viewed as an important policy tool in enhancing the development of human capital and alleviating inequality in income distribution. Nonetheless, there is contradictory empirical evidence on its effectiveness that is context specific. This paper examines the relationship between government spending on education and income inequality on the basis of a balanced panel data of OECD nations between 2000 and 2022. The panel data econometric tools used in the analysis are pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed Effects (FE), and Random Effects (RE) models, and Hausman specification test to decide the best method of estimation. A Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator is also used in order to bring strength and overcome endogeneity issues. The Gini coefficient is used to estimate income inequality and the education spending has been estimated in terms of percentage of GDP and other control variables, including GDP per capita, unemployment rate, and inflation. These findings show that increased governmental expenditure on education tends to reduce income inequality statistically significant among OECD countries, but the effect is however, different in individual countries with differing economic patterns and situations. These results demonstrate the need to not only expand the budgets on education but also make the public spending more efficient and targeted. Policy recommendations are made at the end of the study and they focus on strategic investment in inclusive and high-quality education systems to attain more equal distribution of income.
Public Spending, Education Spending, Income Inequality, OECD, Gini Coefficient, Economic Growth, Fiscal Policy, Social Inequality.
CORONA IN THE MELODIES OF FOLKLORE: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE PALESTINIAN FOLK SONG DURING THE PANDEMIC
This study examines the manifestations of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Palestinian folk song, addressing how the global health crisis shaped the Palestinian context through sung folklore. As the pandemic spread, Palestinian folk performers developed multiple ways to articulate the crisis in their songs, which were disseminated primarily through social media—especially during periods of home quarantine and lockdown. The study aims to explore the presence of COVID-19 in Palestinian folk song by analyzing lyrics and thematic content that reflect the crisis across political, economic, health, and religious domains. It also highlights linguistic shifts within folk song, including the introduction of new pandemic-related terms such as “quarantine,” “mask,” and “sanitization.” In addition, the study presents the diversity of poetic/performative forms used—such as dihyeh, murabba‘ (quatrain), and dal‘ouna—which characterized Palestinian songs during the crisis. The research further discusses the role of satire and political stances in these songs, particularly in relation to governmental handling of the pandemic and the economic conditions resulting from it. The study concludes that Palestinian folk song functioned as an effective medium for awareness-raising, irony, and the expression of popular emotions in confronting the pandemic.
Corona; Palestinian folk song; awareness; colloquial language; politics; economy; satire.
ECONOMIC SECURITY IN AN ERA OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL INTEGRATION: MACROECONOMIC VULNERABILITIES, POLITICAL RISKS, AND STATE INTERVENTION CAPACITY
This article develops a multidimensional theoretical framework for understanding when and under what conditions economic security becomes threatened in an era of deepening global financial integration. Existing literature predominantly addresses economic security through fragmented and disconnected analytical lenses—focusing separately on financial vulnerabilities, social welfare, production structures, or institutional capacity—without adequately theorizing the interactions among these dimensions. This study consciously departs from such reductionist and compartmentalized approaches by conceptualizing economic security as a dynamic process shaped by the simultaneous interplay of financial, real economic, social, and institutional vulnerabilities. Employing a qualitative theoretical methodology grounded in analytical synthesis and conceptual abstraction, the article proposes a comprehensive analytical framework encompassing twenty-five critical conditions indicating when a country's economic security is under threat. These conditions are systematically structured under four vulnerability clusters: macro-financial fragilities, real economy and production risks, social welfare and employment challenges, and institutional capacity and governance weaknesses. The framework's distinctive contribution lies in theorizing state intervention capacity not as an external determinant of economic security outcomes but as an intrinsic and constitutive component of economic security itself. This reconceptualization provides a theoretically coherent and analytically operational reference point for future empirical studies, comparative case analyses, and index development initiatives.
Economic Security; Financial Vulnerability; State Capacity; Macroeconomic Stability; Global Financial Integration; Institutional Resilience; Political Economy
AI-DRIVEN DECISION MAKING IN MODERN FINANCIAL TRADING
This research paper investigates the psychological and behavioural dynamics of Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption in modern financial trading, with a specific focus on the Indian retail trading ecosystem. As AI transforms global finance evolving from back-office automation to cognitive systems capable of autonomous sentiment analysis and execution its impact on the individual trader’s decision-making process remains underexplored, particularly in emerging markets. Grounded in the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theoretical framework, this study develops and tests a conceptual model that links traders’ perceptions of AI toolscategorized as Perceived Accuracy, Perceived Efficiency, and Perceived Riskto the quality of their Decision-Making and subsequent Self-Assessed Profitability. The model further examines the moderating roles of Age and Gender. Utilizing a quantitative methodology, data was collected via a structured questionnaire from 427 active Indian retail traders using AI-driven platforms. Analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Process Macro reveals three key findings. First, Perceived Accuracy (β = 0.382, p<0.001) and Perceived Efficiency (β = 0.354, p<0.001) are significant positive drivers of decision-making quality, while Perceived Risk (β = -0.291, p<0.001) is a strong inhibitor. Second, decision-making quality fully mediates the relationship between AI perceptions and profitability. Third, significant moderating effects exist: Age amplifies the positive effect of Perceived Efficiency on decision-making for younger traders, and Gender significantly influences the perception and impact of risk, with female traders demonstrating a stronger negative sensitivity to Perceived Risk. The study concludes that AI’s value in trading is not inherent but is psychologically mediated, and its adoption is not uniform but demographically contingent. Recommendations are provided for traders, FinTech developers, and regulators to foster a more transparent, trustworthy, and effective human-AI symbiotic trading environment.
Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic Trading, Behavioral Finance, Technology Adoption, S-O-R Model, Retail Investors, India, Decision-Making, Perceived Risk, Financial Technology.
THE DIGITAL CRUTCH: INVESTIGATING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN AI TOOL DEPENDENCY AND ACADEMIC SELF-EFFICACY AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education has sparked significant debate regarding its impact on student learning and autonomy. While AI offers powerful tools for academic assistance, educators and researchers increasingly worry about potential over-reliance and its effects on students' confidence in their own abilities. This quantitative study investigated the relationship between AI tool dependency and academic self-efficacy among 429 university students at Centro Escolar University, Philippines. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected on AI usage frequency, specific task reliance, and perceived psychological dependency, alongside a validated three-domain academic self-efficacy scale (essay writing, mathematics, and research). Statistical analyses included Spearman rank-order correlations, independent samples t-tests, and one-way ANOVA. The results indicated that the frequency of AI tool use was not significantly correlated with academic self-efficacy (ρ = −.017, p = .725), suggesting that students’ level of confidence in their academic abilities is not associated with how often they use AI tools. However, a significant "digital crutch" effect emerged among students who perceived themselves as unable to function without these tools. Students identifying as AI-dependent demonstrated significantly lower self-efficacy scores (M = 3.631) compared to their AI-independent peers (M = 3.916; t = -3.334, p = .001). Furthermore, this relationship remained consistent across diverse academic disciplines, suggesting that the psychological appraisal of one's need for AI, rather than the act of using it, is the critical factor diminishing academic confidence. These findings underscore the need for educational strategies that foster AI literacy while simultaneously reinforcing students' belief in their foundational cognitive capabilities.
: artificial intelligence, academic self-efficacy, educational technology, student dependency, higher education
Eliza B. Ayo, Jean Bernadette C. Parcher
EXPOSURE TO HEALTH INFORMATION ON WORLD-FOOD-SAFETY-DAY AND ADOPTION OF SAFE FOOD CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOURS AMONG NIGERIAN UNDERGRADUATES
Careless food consumption behaviour has been identified among the causes of foodborne diseases. This rise in foodborne disease instigated global action of commemoration of the world food safety day to enhance food safety awareness. The need to understanding what the public do with the messages of world food safety day through an empirical approach instigated this study. Specifically, the study examined the respondents’ level of exposure to the day’s campaign messages, ascertain the dominant source of exposure to the campaign messages, find out whether the respondents’ exposure to these campaign messages translate into a positive attitude toward food consumption and finally, to find out the factor that mainly influenced adoption of the world-food-safety day messages. The study used the survey research approach as its method and reasoned action theory as its theoretical framework. The purposive sampling technique was adopted in selecting 389 undergraduate students of COOU sampled from a population of 14,000 students using the taro Yamni’s sample size determination formula. Finding from the study revealed that although the respondents are poorly exposed to the world-food-safety day messages, their level of adoption of food safety day measures is high. It was also found that social media was the major source of exposure to World Food Safety Day messages, while fear of getting sick dominated the reason for adoption of safe food culture among respondents. It was concluded that further efforts in making more information available to the public will increase the respondents’ exposure to World Food Safety Day messages, as well as increase the adoption of safety measures among the people. It was recommended that more effort should be intensified by the media and government agencies to enhance effective two-way communication using mix media approach to increase awareness and adoption of World Food Safety Day messages.
Foodborne, food safety, World Food Safety Day, consumption behaviour, adoption.
Ikegbunam, Peter Chierike, Obiakor, Casmir Uchenna, Nwodu, Gloria Eberechukwu , Eneome, Eugenia Chinweokwu, Emechebe, Nkiru Camilla, Ezeali, Chika Thonia, Edokwe, Onyinyechi Theresa, Ekwunife, Sandra Chika
SABDA AS REALITY: RAJA RAO’S PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE IN THE LIGHT OF BHARTRIHARI’S VAKYAPADIYA
Bhartrihari’s Vākyapadiya occupies a seminal position in the Indian philosophy of language by advancing the doctrine of sabda dvaita, which posits an ontological identity between sabda (the Word), Brahman (Ultimate Reality), and the phenomenal world. Language, in this tradition, is not merely representational but constitutive of reality itself. Against this philosophical background, the present paper undertakes a critical and systematic examination of Raja Rao’s philosophy of language and poetry, as articulated in his essays and reflections on literary creation. The study specifically explores how Raja Rao addresses foundational questions such as: What is poetry? Who is a poet? And what is the ultimate purpose of poetry? By situating Raja Rao’s literary thought within the metaphysical framework of Bhartrihari’s Vakyapadaya, the paper argues that Rao redefines poetry as a spiritual discipline (sadhana) rooted in the non-dual realization of Sabda brahman. The paper demonstrates that the theory of sphoṭa deeply informs Raja Rao’s conception of poetic language, the four levels of vak (vaikhari, madhyama, paśyanti, and para), and the Upanishadic understanding of Om as the sonic embodiment of the Absolute. In doing so, the paper positions Raja Rao as a modern Indian writer who successfully integrates classical Indian linguistic philosophy with contemporary literary expression
Bhartrihari, Sabda , Sphoṭa, Vak, Sabda brahman, Raja Rao, Poetry, Liberation, Indian Philosophy of Language
RIGHT TO PRIVACY IS RIGHT TO LIFE: EXPLORING ITS EVOLUTION AND SIGNIFICANCE
A short word with the biggest impact of all is 'Privacy'. A state of being alone is defined as privacy. Privacy is how much another person knows about you. It gives the right to live life your way and on your rules. Privacy rights help us decide with whom we are willing to display ourselves. Until now, we also haven't had a complete legal definition of the right to privacy. With this research paper, we seek the appropriate definition of the right to privacy and learn its significance in a digital democratic society. Privacy is a right which is not new to us. It's a right that just evolves with time. In this research paper by adopting the doctrine research methodology we seek the evolution of the right to privacy with human beings and its significance. This research goes with case laws, research papers, and articles on this topic and makes a thematic analysis for the conclusion. This right is not expressly manifested in Part 3 of the Constitution of India. This right gets its essence from Article 21 of the Constitution i.e. right to life. But still, this right plays a vital role in living life with dignity. This research work seeks the significance of privacy in the current digital era. Privacy means personality and it changes as per circumstances. The right to privacy is an essential right to secure the right to life.
Right to privacy, evolution, digital, fundamental right, data safety.
DRAMA PEDAGOGY FOR FOUNDATIONAL LEARNING IN THE MOTHER TONGUE: A NEP 2020 PERSPECTIVE
This study delves into the effectiveness of utilizing drama as a novel pedagog- ical approach to enrich the teaching-learning dynamics in the mother tongue, specifically within the foundational stage, aligning with the objectives and prin- ciples outlined in the National Education Policy (NEP) of 2020 in India. By integrating drama into educational practices, educators can orchestrate immer- sive and participatory learning environments that cater to a spectrum of learning modalities and facilitate comprehensive development. In accordance with edu- cational policy, instructing and assimilating knowledge in the mother tongue facilitates a smoother learning process for children by mitigating language bar- riers. Conversely, the incorporation of drama further amplifies the enjoyment of this process, exerting a holistic influence on children aged 3-8 years as per the Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) standards. The utilization of drama as a pedagogical tool holds significant promise in enhancing educational outcomes, particularly in early childhood education. Its interactive nature not only stimulates cognitive faculties but also nurtures emotional intelligence and social skills, contributing to a well-rounded educational experience. Furthermore, drama fosters creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities among learners, aligning with the overarching objectives of the NEP 2020 to cultivate a versatile and empowered generation capable of navigating the complexities of the modern world. Thus, integrating drama into educational frameworks presents an innovative avenue for optimizing the teaching-learning process and fostering holistic development in young learners. This article is a conceptual and the- oretical analysis based on secondary sources, policy documents, and scholarly research in drama education and early childhood pedagogy. It adopts an inter- pretative approach to explore how drama, when integrated into mother-tongue education, aligns with the pedagogical vision of NEP 2020. The discussion syn- thesizes insights from constructivist and socio-cultural learning frameworks to highlight best practices and implications for foundational education.
teaching-learning process, NEP 2020, cultural diversity, mother-tongue acquisition, creative pedagogy
BILINGUAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS IN YOUTUBE COOKING VIDEOS
The study on YouTube cooking videos remains limited particularly those featuring bilingual discourse, psychosemantic techniques, and episodic memory. This paper aims to highlight the culinary nuances demonstrated by chefs as they describe each recipe. The study focuses on showcasing the distinct linguistic aspects present in the cooking videos. The examination of how chefs employ semiotic analysis, discourse analysis, psychosemantic strategies, and episodic memory techniques in their presentations forms the basis for this study. The research is based on a systematic collection and analysis of selected YouTube cooking videos. The findings emphasize YouTube’s role as an educational platform and illustrate how technology facilitates knowledge sharing across the globe. The insights from this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the diverse linguistic and instructional elements embedded in YouTube cooking videos.
Bilingual, discourse, psychosemantic memory, episodic memory, semiotic
A LEGAL STUDY ON CSR IN FOSTERING BLUE ECONOMY AND BLUE JUSTICE
The article emphasizes the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in integrating the concepts of the blue economy and blue justice. The Blue Economy promotes the sustainable utilization of marine resources while preventing environmental degradation. Blue Justice focuses on guaranteeing equitable distribution of benefits while safeguarding maritime ecosystems. The study indicates that CSR activities in the maritime industry may serve as a crucial mechanism to reconcile commercial objectives with social and environmental requirements. The research examines policy frameworks and case studies to demonstrate how CSR initiatives can benefit coastal communities, safeguard the environment, and facilitate sustainable management of ocean resources. The findings indicate that integrating CSR concepts into Blue Economy strategies can enhance their equity, environmental stewardship, and sustainability. This research enhances the current body of knowledge on sustainable ocean governance, offering significant insights for policymakers, enterprises, and other stakeholders in the marine sector.
Blue economy, Sustainable development, CSR.
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY OF COMMUNITY POLICING IN COMMISSIONERATE AREAS OF GUJRAT
The paper has been designed to review theoretically and practically the efficiency of community policing within commissionerate areas of Gujarat in India. Community policing is seen as an important approach to guaranteeing public safety through the coming together of law enforcement and local communities. While community policing has demonstrated a certain potential in tackling criminal activities and engaging with the community through trial and error in Gujarat—an Indian State that has experimented with it actively—there persist challenges regarding socio-cultural factors, limited resources, and structural barriers within policing frameworks. Guided by the theoretical frameworks, reviews of global and local perspectives, and efficiency metrics, this paper will undertake a comprehensive analysis of community policing in Gujarat. Recommendation should be given for deepening of community-police relationship and how to make the exercise of community policing effective in the state.
Community policing, law enforcement, commissionerate areas, Gujarat, crime prevention, public trust, socio-cultural barriers, India.
Vandana Ramashray Yadav, Dr. Anumeet kaur
A STUDY ON CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A DRIVER OF SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN DEVELOPING MARKETS
This paper examines the relationship among company social responsibility (CSR) and agency normal performance that specializes in evolving CSR practices and their effect on organizational effectiveness. The relationship between corporation social responsibility (CSR) and agency normal performance which focuses on changing corporate social responsibility (CSR) procedures and their impact on organizational effectiveness is explored in this article. The study begins with an overview of social responsibility in business (CSR), emphasizing its significance, historical background, and research goals. The literature review provides a thorough assessment of CSR, theoretical frameworks, and key ideas about the sustainability of organizations. The study technique outlines the design, data gathering, and analytical procedures for evaluating distinct agencies' CSR activities at some unknown point in the future. In order to provide insights into how agencies enforce CSR practices and related challenging situations, the paper looks at CSR practices in manufacturing, provider location, and seasonal businesses. Case studies demonstrate difficulties and mistakes in carrying out CSR as well as successful CSR projects.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Business Sustainability, theoretical frameworks, seasonal companies.
ASSESSMENT OF THE COHERENCE OF CAREGIVERS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE DENTAL HEALTH OF CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME
Aim: Due to altered salivary patterns, craniofacial anomalies, and impaired manual dexterity, those with Down syndrome (DS) tend to be more prone to experience oral health issues. Caregivers’ Sense of Coherence (SOC), a psychological component influencing health, may have an impact on the child's dental health. Hence the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare caregivers’ SOC and oral health status of children with and without DS in Lucknow city. Materials and Methods: 208 children (104 DS, 104 controls) aged 8–16 years and their caregivers participated in a cross-sectional, descriptive study. SOC was measured using Antonovsky’s SOC-13 scale, and oral health was evaluated using DMFT/dmft, PUFA/pufa, Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), malocclusion assessment, and salivary flow rate. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Version 21) with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: Children with DS had significantly lower caries prevalence but higher plaque, gingival bleeding, malocclusion, and reduced salivary flow compared to control group (p<0.001). Caregivers of DS children showed significantly lower SOC scores (49.5) than controls (59.9). A significant positive association was identified between caregivers’ SOC and children’s oral health status. Conclusion: Caregivers’ SOC strongly influences the oral health of children with DS. Interventions to strengthen caregiver SOC may improve both psychosocial well-being and oral health outcomes in this vulnerable population. Clinical significance: Caregivers’ Sense of Coherence (SOC) significantly influences oral health outcomes of children, with maternal SOC acting as a key resource in promoting dental well-being. Integrating the salutogenic framework into interventions may enhance parental SOC and foster healthier family environments for improved pediatric oral health.
Down Syndrome; Caregivers Sense of Coherence; Oral Health Status.
Dr. Suganya Mahadeva, Dr. US Mahadeva Rao
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION: ADOPTION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPACT, AND INSTITUTIONAL READINESS
The study focuses on the integration of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools into higher education and explores how perceived usefulness, trust in AI systems, ease of use, and contextual factors combine to affect the student outcomes of the learning process and the adoption of the tool in question. The data used in the research were based on the quantitative design, which involved 412 students represented by the participants of universities with diverse courses and institutions types. To study the relationship between the key variables, the structural equation modeling (SEM) and correlation analyses, accompanied by the sentiment analysis in NVivo 14, were used. The findings indicate that perceived usefulness has the strongest influence on the effectiveness of learning (beta = 0.46, p < 0.001) and lastly, trust in AI is a significant parameter in predicting adoption of AI tool (beta = 0.33, p < 0.001). The effect of the two variables is more pivotal in the private institutions as compared to the public institutions. In terms of disciplines, students enrolled in discipline fields STEM scored higher (mean = 4.23), compared to that of students enrolled in humanities (mean = 3.35) on AI adoption. Sentiment analysis consolidated that there was a vast difference in the positive attitudes of high and low users (62 % and 44 % correspondingly). This paper finds that the institutional contexts and individual attitudes shape the way AI integration takes place. The results provide vital insights to policymakers, instructors and designers of technologies interested in improving the use of AI in learning system in higher education.
Artificial Intelligence, Higher Education, Learning Effectiveness, AI Tool Adoption, Structural Equation Modeling
Dr. Saniya Ulhas Shiurkar, Shivangi saxena, Dr Sarika Koluguri, Dr. Simerjit Kaur, Dr. Kavita Vyas, Tej Narayan Chauhan BE(CSE)
PERFORMING “THE SENSIBLE THING”: SUCCESS, CARE, AND THE LIMITS OF OPTIMIZATION IN F. SCOTTFITZGERALD’S PSYCHOLOGICAL POETIC DRAMA
This article rereads F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Sensible Thing” (1924) as a cultural and psychological drama that anticipates the logic of modern self-branding and the emotional economies of late capitalism. Rather than a nostalgic vignette of lost youth, the story emerges as a sustained exploration of success as performance, affective labor, and moral restraint. Through George O’Kelly’s cultivated “atmosphere of success” and Jonquil Cary’s careful choreography of care and refusal, Fitzgerald stages the tension between hustle culture and the ethical limits of emotional optimization.The essay further argues that editorial re-casting—most notably the renaming of George Rollins to George O’Kelly—functions as a paratextual intervention that reshapes class signaling and readerly sympathy, revealing how even minor textual decisions participate in cultural re-signification. Drawing on performance theory (Goffman; Hochschild), paratextual and textual-critical approaches (Genette; McGann), and feminist ethics of care (Tronto), the article situates “The Sensible Thing” as an early critique of optimization logics, insisting that certain human values—love, timing, and moral awareness—resist repetition, scaling, and managerial control. In this way, Fitzgerald’s story operates as an ethical mirror of modernity, translating the mythology of success into theater while restoring the dignity of limit.
cultural analysis; social change; performance studies; F. Scott Fitzgerald; emotional labor; editorial onomastics; self-branding; affective ethics; hustle culture; modernism.
THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION TO LEARN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND CULTURE: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY USING INTERACTIVE PLATFORMS AND AUTHENTIC VIDEOS IN ALBANIAN LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS.
The integration of digital technology in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) has become increasingly central to modern pedagogical practices. This study examines the impact of interactive learning platforms and authentic video materials on student motivation to learn English language and culture in Albanian lower secondary schools. A quasi-experimental design was employed with 60 students across two schools, comparing an experimental group that used Quizizz, Kahoot, and authentic cultural videos with a control group following traditional textbook-based instruction. Data was collected through pre- and post-intervention motivation questionnaires, classroom observations, and teacher reflections. In addition, a google forms questionnaire collected responses from 98 English Language Teachers across Albania to measure the impact that ICT Integration has on enhancing students’ motivation on English language, communication and cultural competencies. Findings indicate that technology-enhanced instruction significantly increased students’ intrinsic motivation, cultural curiosity, and classroom engagement. Authentic videos improved learners’ cultural awareness, while interactive platforms strengthened enjoyment, confidence, and willingness to participate. The study confirms the potential of technology as a catalyst for motivational and cultural development and offers pedagogical implications for EFL teachers and curriculum designers in Albania and similar contexts.
Technology integration; student motivation; English language learning; cultural competence; authentic materials; interactive platforms; quasi-experiment.
Anila Aliaj, Prof. Asoc. Dr. Ogerta Koruti Stroka
REHABILITATION OF WOMEN PRISONERS IN THE STATE OF U.P: POLICY AND PRACTICE
The Model Prison Manual provides rehabilitation and reintegration of prisoners into society as one of the goals of the Indian criminal Justice system. Presently offenders are imprisoned not only for punishment, deterrence and incapacitation but also for rehabilitation and reintegration. This approach requires prisons to be managed not as a punitive rather as a correctional institute whereby different opportunities like vocational training, educational and employment opportunities, facilities for physical and mental health care are provided to all the prisoners so that they come out of prison as a law-abiding citizen. Rehabilitation is necessary not only fot the prisoners but also for the entire community. Prisons were primarily designed for male prisoners where needs of women prisoners were ignored. Women constitute a small percentage of the entire prison population of India, so their rehabilitation is quite an ignored area of the prison administration. This paper seeks to analyse the opportunities of rehabilitation available to women prisoners in the state of U.P through an empirical study conducted in the four jails of Meerut zone of U.P and make some suggestions to facilitate better rehabilitation of women prisoners in the state of U.P.
Rehabilitation, women prisoners, criminal Justice system
Sunaina Mishra, Dr. Kriti Parashar, Dr. Souma Brahma Sarkar, Dr. Sonia Pandey
“THE EFFECT OF JOB SATISFACTION ON EMPLOYEES’ JOB PERFORMANCE IN BANKING SECTOR WITH REFERENCE TO INDORE AND MHOW REGION OF MADHYA PRADESH”
The management places a high value on employee job satisfaction since it has a direct impact on how employees behave within a company. It also results in the development of a healthy environment for other people to enjoy. The goal of the current study is to examine how job satisfaction affects workers' job performance in the banking industry. A self-administered questionnaire modified from earlier research was utilized to gather information from a sample of 100 banking industry workers for this purpose. The statistical examination of the results, which included correlation and regression analysis, unequivocally demonstrated the positive correlation between job satisfaction and job performance. This study significantly advances our understanding of the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance and how it affects employees' job performance. Only those who worked in the Mhow and Indore regions were eligible to participate in the study.
Job satisfaction, job performance, banking sector and achievement
Dr. Mragakshi Trivedi, Sheel Kumar Hans, Awantika Garg,
DEVELOPMENTS AND APPLICATIONS IN THE FIELD OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY IN DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION
Applying dental expertise to legal investigations including human identity, bite mark analysis, and age calculation, forensic odontology is an essential subfield of forensic science. Recent developments, particularly in the areas of digital radiography, 3D imaging, artificial intelligence integration, and better DNA analysis from dental tissues, have greatly increased its accuracy and application. New forensic capabilities are also provided by enhanced facial reconstruction methods and saliva analysis. Rapid and more accurate victim identification in criminal cases, mass disasters, and human rights investigations is made possible by the standardization of techniques and the growing sophistication of software for comparing dental records. The field of forensic odontology is becoming more and more prevalent in medico-legal contexts due to advancements in biometry and data management. This essay highlights the significance of maintaining dental records and interdisciplinary cooperation while reviewing the most recent technology developments and their consequences for forensic investigations.
Bite mark analysis, 3D imaging, DNA analysis, Dental identification, Forensic Odontology
Dr. Mahesh D R, Dr. Natarajan Kannan, Dr. Pawan Rebello, Dr. Sravya Vema Reddy, Dr. Putta Prathima, Dr Malvika Raghuvanshi