Vegueta is an academic journal that focuses on the humanities, publishing both theoretical and empirical studies across a variety of disciplines. It covers a broad spectrum of topics, including visual and performing arts, literary arts, art history, anthropology, archaeology, communication studies, cultural studies, education, history, literature, philosophy, and more. The journal invites original research, creative works, and critical essays, appealing to social researchers, artists, theorists, and scholars in the humanities. The journal follows a rigorous peer review process, where submissions are initially assessed by the editorial board and then reviewed by two anonymous peer reviewers. Vegueta is published monthly and offers open access to all its content, supporting the free and global exchange of knowledge. Adhering to ethical standards set by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the journal ensures fairness, confidentiality, and integrity throughout the publication process, requiring authors and reviewers to uphold high standards of academic conduct.
ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF PROXY WARS ON THE MIDDLE EASTERN SECURITY STRUCTURE: THE US-IRANIAN CONFLICT AS A PATH OF STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF NON-STATE ARMED ACTORS
This article examines the impact of proxy wars on the Middle Eastern security structure through the lens of the U.S.–Iranian strategic rivalry, with a particular focus on the growing role of non-state armed actors between 2010 and 2025. It argues that the erosion of state authority following the Arab Uprisings of 2011 created permissive environments in which militias, hybrid armed groups, and transnational actors became central instruments of regional and international power projection. By analyzing key cases—Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and Lebanon—the study demonstrates how both Iran and the United States have relied on proxy warfare to pursue strategic objectives while avoiding direct confrontation, reshaping patterns of sovereignty, governance, and security. Drawing on realism, constructivism, and Regional Security Complex Theory, the article situates proxy warfare within broader dynamics of power competition, ideology, sectarian identity, and regional interdependence. It highlights how Iranian-backed groups such as Hezbollah, the Popular Mobilization Forces, and the Houthis, alongside U.S.-supported actors like the Syrian Democratic Forces, have evolved into hybrid entities combining military, political, and governance functions. While these actors enhance deterrence and strategic depth for their patrons, they simultaneously entrench fragmentation, fuel sectarian polarization, and prolong conflict. The article further explores the humanitarian, economic, and social consequences of proxy wars, emphasizing displacement, institutional collapse, and the normalization of hybrid security structures across the region. It concludes that proxy warfare is no longer a peripheral tactic but a defining feature of Middle Eastern security, with non-state armed actors functioning as indispensable yet destabilizing components of regional order.
Proxy wars, Non-state armed actors, Middle East, Arab Uprisings 2011, Iran, United States, Syria, Yemen, Iraq, Lebanon, Sectarianism, Hybrid governance, Regional security.
EXAMINATION ADMINSTRATION IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS:A CASE STUDY OF THE POLYTECHNIC SETTING
The current position of examination and its means of administration have led to a body of misconceptions in our various academic settings (all institution of learning: Primary, Secondary and Higher Institutions). Based on this, administration of examinationsin the polytechnic settingscallfor a systematic preparation, harmonization, and manning to uphold academic principlesand values in order to addressing peculiar institutional challenges in the graduation of egalitarian students. But this target has been turned upside down andit has in turn created a vacuum in the process of graduating resourceful students. In order to annex effective teaching and learning in turn of meaningful and acceptable educational products, there is an urgent need to address this devastating academic problem. In view of this, this study examines the organizations, measures, challenge, and prediction of examination administration in a polytechnic setting. In solving this problem, this paper simply compartmentalized the research problem into different sub-sections and properly discussed with relevant illustrations. In doing this effectively, available literature was properly reviewed, analyzed, interpreted, and documented. The adopted method of qualitative descriptive approach and secondary data were concisely conducted and reported. Conclusion was drawn with relevant recommendations that every academic institution should always give proper training to all the concerned examination staff members in order to in turn retrain other staff members on the matters regarding effective examination administration.
Examination, Administration, Examination Misconduct, Punishment and Reinforcement
Dr. Sulaiman, DaudaIshola, Dr. Akprara Amos osakor, Dr. Alliu, Momodu Mohammed, Mrs. Alasan Florence, Mrs. Ogunboyowa, AdebolaOmolara, Mr. Seghosime, Abdulmutanebi
MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION IN HYPERTENSIVE DENTURE WEARERS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF DOPPLER AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS
Hypertension is a major global health burden and an established cause of microvascular dysfunction. Although its systemic consequences are well described, its influence on the oral mucosa, especially in complete denture wearers, remains under recognized. The denture bearing mucosa depends on a rich subepithelial vascular plexus for perfusion, cushioning during mechanical loading, and tissue repair. In individuals with hypertension, chronic endothelial dysfunction, reduced capillary density, impaired nitric oxide signaling, and increased vascular stiffness can compromise mucosal integrity and resilience. These alterations predispose denture wearers to soreness, ulceration, delayed healing, and reduced tolerance to prostheses. Recent advances in diagnostic imaging, particularly Doppler ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography, provide noninvasive methods to assess oral microvascular health. Doppler imaging quantifies perfusion parameters such as peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, and resistive index, which reflect vascular resistance and endothelial status. Optical coherence tomography offers high resolution visualization of epithelial and subepithelial structures, enabling assessment of microvascular loops, epithelial thickness, and early ischemic changes. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on hypertension associated microvascular alterations in the oral mucosa and their relevance to denture biomechanics. It highlights the diagnostic value of Doppler ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography in detecting subtle mucosal vascular compromise and discusses how prosthodontic approaches may be adapted for hypertensive patients. Understanding oral microvascular dysfunction is essential for improving denture therapy outcomes and for recognizing the oral cavity as a potential indicator of systemic vascular health.
Hypertension; Microcirculation; Oral mucosa; Doppler ultrasonography; Optical coherence tomography; complete denture; endothelial dysfunction
Dr. Abhishek Singh, Prof. Dr. Puneet Ahuja, Dr. Rahul Chaurasia M., Dr. Devlina Ghosh, Dr. Sneha Sinha, Dr. Shubhangi Mhaske
GENETIC PREDISPOSITIONS IN AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
This systematic review assessed the genetic predispositions linked to aggressive periodontitis by examining 32 qualifying studies from various populations. Notable correlations were found for cytokine gene polymorphisms such as IL-1β +3954 C/T and TNF-α –308 G/A, as well as immune-regulatory variants including TLR4 Asp299Gly and CD14 −159 C/T. Mutations in neutrophil-related genes, especially CTSC, exhibited significant associations with severe generalised AgP. The results emphasise the complex genetic factors contributing to susceptibility to aggressive periodontitis. However, population heterogeneity and methodological discrepancies underscore the necessity for more standardised genetic research.
Aggressive periodontitis ,Genetic polymorphism ,Cytokine genes ,Host immune response ,Gene susceptibility
Dr. S. Senthilnadhan, Dr. Khushboo Rastogi, Dr. Kriti Vatsa, Dr. Amita Olivia Coutinho, Dr. Alagarsamy Venkatesh, Dr. Kehkashan Ehsan Azmi
ACCEPTING PRACTICAL APPROACH AS A MEANS OF ENHANCING PEDAGOGICAL MODULES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EDUCATIONAL CURRICULA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA
Lack of standard practical approach in the implementation of the available modules in the educational curricula of African educational system has led to a great deficiency in the aggregate qualities and quantities of the students turn out in our various institutions of higher learning with focus on Nigeria. This problem has given many scholars: Etim Morgan, Egonwa Osas Denis, Ellis Oyekola, James Sandrunati, Emmy Eliot and Hazzan Kofi the opportunities to give different varieties of definitions on how a practical approach in the implementation of module should look like. These definitions are presented depending on whether the modules were viewed as a whole or in a plan form of educational programs that were planned for accidental learning experiences, actual occurrences, effects or others. But, in the phase of academic research, a practical module is a structurally planned instructional knowledge and skills premeditated to help learners develop and extend individual competence in their various areas of originality putting hand and brain into action in both lateral and logical approaches. In view of the above, this research paper tends to renew the trend of accepting the development of practical approach in the pedagogical modules of both teaching and learning without focusing only on the known practically oriented courses like Fine and Applied Art, environmental studies, Engineering and others. This will in turn aid the means of national growth and development. During the course of this research, available literature was properly reviewed and the method adopted was also concisely conducted and documented. Conclusion was carefully drawn with resourceful recommendations that both the teachers and the students should collaborate in both coding and decoding the contents of educational modules in the national educational curriculum.
Accepting, Trend, Pedagogical, Modules, Practical, Oriented, Courses
Dr. Sulaiman Dauda Ishola, Dr., Mrs. Olajumoke Kukoyi, Dr. Odeyemi Ajayi Adeola, Dr. (Mrs.) Oluwafunmlayo Ojeo Loromeke, Dr. Bamidele Osamudiamen, Dr. (Mrs.) Patience Ebadonoime Ohimai
COMMUNICATING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS THROUGH WEBSITES: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN COMPANIES
Corporate websites are recognized as a key channel for sustainability communication. This article aims to explores the communication strategies employed by Indonesian Fortune 500 companies. This study uses systematic thematic analysis consisting of transcript collection and quote selection; keyword identification; coding; theme determination; and identification of focus on SDGs. The research was conducted on 10 companies listed in the 2024 Fortune 500 Indonesia. Based on the analysis, eight companies implement SDG sustainability practices in line with their core business. Meanwhile, the others are less in line with their core business. Besides, based on thematic analysis, innovation is the most dominant theme, followed by empowerment and environment, energy transition, and governance. In the context of transparency, companies need to prioritize and highlight the SDGs that most relevant to the company's core business. Companies should also share real-life stories that demonstrate the impact of CSR activities on specific SDGs. Finally, companies should enhance their websites by creating interactive features that allow users to explore the company's contributions to SDGs. For example, create website-based games to increase public engagement. Furthermore, companies can maximize interactivity by creating clickable elements and interactive storytelling using visuals, audio, or a combination of both.
corporate website; Fortune 500; Indonesia; Sustainable Development Goals; sustainability communication
Heru Ryanto Budiana, Aang Koswara, Gema Nusantara Bakry, Eny Ratnasari
EMPOWERING FAMILY HOPE PROGRAM (PKH) RECIPIENTS TOWARDS ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL INDEPENDENCE IN WEST JAVA PROVINCE
This study, entitled "The Influence of Credibility and Performance of Family Hope Program Facilitators on the Independence of Family Hope Program Beneficiary Families in West Java Province," was conducted by Agus Setiaman, NPM 210130220512, with promoter Dr. Dadang Sugiana, M.Si , co-promoter Prof. Dr. Uud Wahyudin, M.Si, and co-promoter Prof. Dr. Hamedi bin Mohd. Adnan. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which Credibility (X) has a positive and significant effect on the Independence (Y) of Family Hope Program Beneficiaries in West Java Province and to determine the extent to which Performance (Z) strengthens the positive influence of Credibility (X) on the Independence (Y) of Family Hope Program Beneficiaries in West Java Province. This study uses a quantitative research method, namely a structural equation model (SEM) analysis study with a research population of beneficiary families with a multi-stage cluster sampling technique, so that KPM in Ciamis Regency, Cianjur Regency, Sukabumi Regency and Pangandaran Regency are spread across Ciamis District, Karangtengah District, Sukaraja District and Langkaplancar District with a sampling size of 632 respondents. The results of the study show that expertise does not have a significant positive effect on economic independence, while expertise has a significant positive effect on social and psychological independence, the sub-variable of trust does not have a significant effect on economic and psychological independence while on social independence the significant effect of the sub-variable of attraction has a significant effect on economic, social and psychological independence, performance moderation on expertise has a negative effect on economic and social independence but has a positive effect on psychological independence, then performance moderation on trust has a positive and significant effect on economic, social, psychological independence as well as performance moderation on attraction has a positive and significant effect on economic, social and psychological independence. Recommendations from this study include: Because expertise, trust, and attractiveness or commitment significantly influence the three dimensions of independence, strengthening these variables should be a priority in intervention programs. Given the negative influence of the attractiveness of mentors on social initiatives, it is recommended that the Ministry of Social Affairs or relevant agencies redesign training for PKH mentors. The "positive influence" hypothesis is rejected because the presence of mentors actually serves as a substitute for local strengths, not a supplement. For the program to be successful, mentors must be able to gradually "disappear" as the community's capabilities increase. Successful mentoring is one that ultimately makes the role of the mentor no longer necessary.
Credibility, Performance, Poverty, Family, Independence
Agus Setiaman, Dadang Sugiana, Uud Wahyudin, Hamedi bin Mohd Adnan
SOCIAL MEDIA DISPLACING CONVENTIONAL MEDIA? ANALYSIS OF MEDIA HABITS OF GORONTALO CITY SOCIETY IN THE ERA OF CONVERGENCE
Digital transformation has changed the media consumption patterns of Indonesians, including in Gorontalo City. This study aims to analyze people's media habits regarding television, radio, and social media, using Rosengren's three leading indicators: usage duration, media content, and media appeal. This study employed a descriptive quantitative approach, utilizing a survey technique with 399 respondents from nine sub-districts. The results show that social media ranks highest in terms of usage duration, content relevance, and emotional appeal, particularly on platforms such as TikTok, Facebook, and Instagram. In contrast, radio experienced a significant decline in all measured aspects. Television remains strong in specific content, particularly in the context of collective consumption. These findings indicate a shift in media habits from conventional to digital media, which are more personal, interactive, and visual. The implications of this research are essential for the government, local media practitioners, academics, and the public in developing communication strategies and digital literacy policies relevant to local characteristics.
media habits ; social media; television; radio; media convergence
Mohamad Reza, Atwar Bajari, Dadang Rahmat Hidayat, Dian Wardiana Sjuchro
THE SPIRIT OF WORK: EXPLORING HOW MEANING, COMMUNITY, AND COMPASSION DRIVE EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY
The research paper reviews the impacts of workplace spirituality on job satisfaction, commitment to the organization, and employee productivity on the workers of the private universities within the National Capital Region (NCR) of India. Based on the Workplace Spirituality Theory and Self-determination Theory, the research conceptualizes spirituality using four dimensions, that is, meaningful work, sense of community, compassion and organizational values. The study utilized a mixed-method, sequential study design and data on 406 respondents to test both direct and mediating relationships with the use of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0. The findings indicate that meaningful work, community and organizational values have no less positive impact on work spirituality which in turn positively influence job satisfaction, commitment and productivity. Additionally, these relationships are mediate in part by job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The results show that nurturing of spiritually supportive working environments promote intrinsic motivation, well being and performance implying that management that is driven by spirituality can improve human and organizational excellence in institutions of higher learning
Workplace spirituality, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Employee Productivity
CALCIFYING CYSTIC ODONTOGENIC TUMOR- A RARE CASE REPORT
Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumours (CCOTs) account for around 2% of all odontogenic tumours. The term "Calcifying Ghost Cell Odontogenic Cyst" (CGCOC) is also commonly used to describe this condition. It was first recognized as a distinct entity by Gorlin et al. in 1962. It has its roots in the odontogenic stage of development. This unusual lesion can resemble either a solid tumour or a cyst. Although extra-osseous or peripheral forms of the disease are possible, intra-osseous lesions are much more common [1]. There have been several changes in the terminologies used to describe this condition and various classifications have been made by several authors since its first description. In 2005, the World Health Organization(WHO) reclassified the growth as a calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour (CCOT). This report describes a case of CCOT with an impacted mandibular 3rd molar.
Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor, ghost cells, Gorlin cyst, Marsupialization
Dr. Mahesh D R*, Dr. Abhishek Vardhan, Dr. Priyadarshini Mayakrishnan, Dr. Anshuman Kumar, Dr Shristi Sharan, Dr. Shubhangi Mhaske
HUMAN RELATIONS AND ENTANGLEMENTS: HIGHLIGHTING LIFE’S PREDICAMENTS IN RUSKIN BOND’S “THE GUARDIAN ANGEL”
Depiction of inextricable ties between human beings irrespective of age remains a pivotal aspect of literature. There have been a plethora of portrayals considering amiable connections between different young children and elder individual in numerous literary depictions, showcasing tenets involving both categories. What strikes in depiction of two contrasting categories is that inherent values and individual inclinations tend to find a critical resurfacing in the face of a mundane plot which calls for theoretical introspection. “The Guardian Angel,” one of the significant short stories penned down by the master, Ruskin Bond, remains a pivotal testimony to how innocence of children gets nurtured by warmth and care of elders, often paving way for a conducive and holistic development of the central character. The story, in a very playful demeanour, leads readers to contemplate varied dimensions which regulate growth, maturity, and emotional connect of the narrator with his aunt, Mariam. The paper, hinging on the concept of “childhood discovery” propounded by Philippe Ariès argues that there are multiple contrasting characteristics and features in life of the narrator which are place against character of Mariam, denoting glaring points of contradictions between a child and a grown up individual. The paper also espouses ideas related to Bond’s focus on contemplating positions of children in his stories which become representative of otherwise predicaments of human lives which can manifest uninformed. The research follows a qualitative methodological structure, in that, it makes an analytical study of the plot.
child, childhood, elder, dimension, holistic
Kajori Rajkhowa, Dr. Sagarika Mahanta Das
MANAGEMENT IN MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMEs): CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS AMID ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in supporting the economy in Indonesia. MSMEs are often considered the backbone of the economy because they are able to create jobs, drive economic growth, and strengthen local economic resilience. Amid economic uncertainty influenced by global changes, financial crises, and natural disasters, MSMEs face various challenges that can affect business continuity. These challenges include limited capital, fluctuations in market demand, and changes in regulations that can have a direct impact on business activities. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method to deeply understand the challenges and risk management strategies implemented by MSMEs in facing economic uncertainty. The literature study method was chosen because it is able to provide a comprehensive overview of various relevant references, such as books, scientific journals, and research reports. The results of the study show that MSMEs face four types of risks, namely financial, operational, market and regulatory risks. Financial risks include limited access to financing and income instability, while operational risks relate to production efficiency and resource management. Market risk involves fluctuations in demand and intense competition, while regulatory risk relates to changing government policies. The strategies implemented by MSMEs in facing this challenge include market diversification, business digitalization, collaboration with financial institutions, and training and education for business actors. Market diversification helps MSMEs expand their customer reach, while business digitalization allows for increased efficiency and wider market access. Collaboration with financial institutions facilitates access to financing, while training and education increase the capacity of business actors in managing risk. This study confirms that the implementation of effective risk management is a key factor in maintaining the sustainability and competitiveness of MSMEs amid economic uncertainty.
MSMEs, Economic Uncertainty, Risk Mitigation .
COMMUNICATION STRATEGY OF MENTORS AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE SUCCESS OF THE UMKM CLASS UP PROGRAM: A CASE STUDY IN WEST JAVA PROVINCE
The "MSMEs Move Up Class" program in West Java Province is a government initiative to enhance the competitiveness and capabilities of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through mentorship. The success of this program depends on the effectiveness of the communication established between mentors and MSME entrepreneurs. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the strategic role of mentor communication in supporting the success of the MSMEs Move Up Class program. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, where data is collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques are carried out thematically to explore effective multilevel communication strategies during the program. The findings show that the communication established by mentors is multifaceted and strategic. Interpersonal communication proves to be the foundation for building comfort and trust between MSME entrepreneurs and their mentors. Furthermore, mentors adapt their communication roles as a mentor, coach, facilitator, or motivator—according to the needs and readiness level of each MSME entrepreneur. Mentor communication is a key instrument in encouraging MSME entrepreneurs to sustain their businesses. Mentor communication is not merely a supporting activity but a strategic instrument at the core of the "MSMEs Move Up Class" program's success. This success is achieved through effective relational communication. Implications: Practically, the findings of this study recommend that organizers equip mentors with skills that emphasize adaptive communication competencies, emotional intelligence, and diagnostic abilities.
Communication Strategy, MSME Mentorship, Mentor's Role, MSMEs Move Up Class Program, Case Study.
Putri Trulline, Asep Suryana, Dadang Sugiana, Uud Wahyudin
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF E-SERVICE QUALITY AND E-TRUST IMPLEMENTATION ON THE DECISION TO USE STATISTICAL SERVICES AT BPS GARUT DISTRICT
This study aims to determine and analyze how the implementation of e-service quality and e-trust influences the decision to use statistical services at BPS Garut Regency. Currently, there is still a gap between user satisfaction and expectations of service quality and data quality. In addition, in the user satisfaction survey, a number of symptoms were found that indicate user dissatisfaction. The steps are: The research method used in this research is a quantitative research method. Based on data obtained with a sample of 122 people. Sampling conducted in this study was using the Nonprobability sampling technique, the sampling method was carried out using the purposive sampling method. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 2.6 Software Based on the results of the study, it showed that overall user responses regarding e-service quality and e-trust and the decision to use services were in the Good criteria, this indicates that the BPS Web meets the expectations of users and is able to carry out its duties well. Hypothesis testing results. shows that there is a positive influence of e-service quality and e-trust on the decision to use both partially and simultaneously. It is recommended that all users of statistical services be more active in utilizing digital services provided by BPS Garut Regency, increase the speed of response, ensure that customer questions or complaints will be answered quickly.
E-service Quality, E-trust, Service Usage Decision
Hendra Sukatriyana, Mulyaningsih, Novie Susanti Suseno, Irfan Nabhani
ECOLOGICAL COMMUNICATION MODEL IN THE HALAL USE OF FOREST RESOURCES IN THE KAJANG TRADITIONAL COMMUNITY
This research examines the model of ecological communication among the Kajang Indigenous People in South Sulawesi, which is based on the values of Pasang ri Kajang and the Islamic principle of halal. The Kajang Indigenous People views the forest as a sacred entity, collectively protected through a system of values, symbols, and customary social structures, particularly under the authority of the Ammatoa. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, this research explores the practices of ecological communication that are not only verbal but also symbolic and ritualistic. The research found that the Kajang values in managing forest resources are closely linked to the concept of halal from the perspective of eco-sufism. The findings reveal that values such as kamase-masea (living modestly), the prohibition of excessive exploitation, and customary taboos serve as mechanisms for internalizing conservation ethics. Four main dimensions of ecological communication were identified: value dimension, social structure dimension, media and symbol dimension, and social practice dimension. This model positions communication as a social and spiritual binding mechanism, where ecological messages are not only conveyed but also collectively embodied and practiced. The integration of halal values provides a universal ethical framework that is acceptable across belief systems and serves as a localized conservation approach. This model not only represents how the Kajang Indigenous People communicate with nature, but also offers a participatory and spiritual framework for developing conservation policies rooted in local wisdom and Islamic ethics. The findings expand the concept of halal into environmental contexts and open new avenues in cultural and spiritual-based environmental communication studies.
Ecological Communication, Kajang Indigenous People, Halal
Zelfia Zelfia, Ahdan Ahdan, Faathiyah Harun, Fauziah Ramdani
GREENWASHING LAW: A FRESH START FOR GREEN CONSUMERISM PROMOTING QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Environmental activist Jay Westerveld first used the phrase "greenwashing" in 1986 to attack a hotel's towel reuse program, claiming it put financial savings ahead of real environmental advantages. Ten years later, the phrase became more widely known after Greer and Bruno's seminal book on environmental marketing was published in 1996. Greenwashing is defined by Greenpeace as deceiving customers about a business's environmental policies or the advantages of a product or service for the environment (Chen & Chang, 2013; Delmas & Burbano, 2011). Customers are now more conscious of the risks synthetic chemicals pose to their health and the environment. This has increased demand for organic personal care products and the desire for a better lifestyle (Ghazali et al., 2017). Green goods that are suitable for the skin and body are increasingly being considered by health-conscious consumers who are really concerned about the components utilized in the product (Johri & Sahasakmontri, 1998).
Dr. Dev Parbhakar, Dr. Ravinderjeet Kaur, Omair Shaquib, Vimal Mahajan
IMPLEMENTATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (SIPD) AND HUMAN RESOURCES QUALITY ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PPKBPPPA SERVICE OF GARUT REGENCY
This research aims to analyze the impact of the implementation of the Regional Government Information System (SIPD) and the quality of human resources (HR) on financial performance at the PPKBPPPA Office of Garut Regency. This study uses a quantitative method with regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of SIPD has a significant effect on financial performance with a regression coefficient of 0.652 and a significance of 0.000 (p <0.05). The quality of HR also has a significant effect with a regression coefficient of 0.578 and a significance of 0.001 (p <0.05). Simultaneously, both variables have a greater influence with an R-squared value of 0.765. This shows that improving financial performance does not only depend on the system, but also on the quality of HR. Therefore, a policy is needed that balances technological improvements and HR development so that financial management is more efficient, transparent, and accountable. This study has implications that improving financial performance in the local government environment does not only depend on the use of the latest technology systems, but also on the quality of HR running the system. Therefore, a policy is needed that is oriented towards a balance between strengthening technological infrastructure and increasing employee capacity, so that the implementation of SIPD can run more optimally and contribute to more accountable and transparent financial governance.
Implementation of SIPD, Human Resources Quality, Financial Performance, PPBPPPA Service
Taryan Kusnara, Mulyaningsih, Gugun Geusan Akbar, Irfan, Yagus
THE SOCIAL VULNERABILITY OF INDEPENDENT PALM OIL FARMERS RESULTING FROM GLOBAL MARKET PRESSURES IN KETAPANG DISTRICT, WEST KALIMANTAN
This study aims to analyze the social vulnerability of independent palm oil farmers in Ketapang District, West Kalimantan, as a result of the increasingly stringent pressures of global market policies. The focus of this research is directed towards how international policies, such as the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) and sustainability certification standards (ISPO, RSPO), impact farmers' access to global markets and their socio-economic well-being. The approach used is qualitative with a case study design, utilizing in-depth interviews, field observations, and policy analysis. The findings indicate that global regulatory pressures create new vulnerabilities for independent palm oil farmers, characterized by low capacity to meet sustainability standards, limited access to financing, and weak institutional support. Global policies, which have not been matched with local capacity building, result in decreased competitiveness and the risk of market exclusion for independent farmers. These findings highlight the importance of inclusive sustainable transition strategies through land legalization, the establishment of traceability hubs, and support for financing and certification assistance for independent palm oil farmers.
Social Vulnerability, Palm Oil Farmers, Global Market Pressures, Spatial Security, Human Security
Fransiska Nelly, Widya Setiabudi Sumadinata, Akim Akim, Muhammad Fedryansyah
SPIRITUAL MEDICINE IN SHIʿI THOUGHT: A DOCTRINAL STUDY
This study explores the concept of “spiritual medicine” in Shiʿi thought, understood as a doctrinal system grounded in seeking intercession (tawassul) through the Imams and invoking blessings from their relics—such as the use of ṭurba ḥusaynīyya (soil from the grave of Husayn), ḥirz (amulets), talismans, and supplications attributed to them. This healing model integrates spiritual elements (prayer, Qur’anic verses) with material symbols (coded texts or sacred objects), and affirms the role of the Imams as intermediaries between God and believers, possessing the power to perform miraculous healings. The research draws on foundational Shiʿi texts such as al-Kāfī, Kāmil al-Ziyārāt, and others, which recount instances of incurable illnesses cured through the touch or prayer of an Imam—including cases of blindness and paralysis—thus reinforcing the Shiʿi doctrines of the Imams’ infallibility (ʿiṣma) and their connection to the unseen. Special attention is given to the sacred use of ṭurba ḥusaynīyya, which is prescribed under strict conditions: it must be used in small quantities, accompanied by specific invocations. The study also addresses the controversies surrounding certain practices—such as the use of talismans containing unintelligible phrases—often criticized by opponents of Shiʿism for their perceived association with sorcery or superstition. However, Shiʿi jurisprudence strictly prohibits magic, while permitting ruqyah (healing incantations) grounded in the Qur’an and authenticated supplications. The paper concludes that spiritual medicine in Shiʿi Islam is not merely a healing technique, but a marker of sectarian identity. It departs from other Islamic traditions by rejecting the sharp distinction between prophetic miracles (muʿjizāt) and saintly karāmāt, attributing miracles to the Imams to affirm their divine designation. Despite criticism, these practices remain a vital component of Shiʿi heritage, linking collective historical memory—particularly of Karbala—to contemporary religious expression.
Spiritual medicine, Shiʿism, intercession of the Imams, healing, blessings, talismans, jinn assistance, ḥirz, Qur’anic supplications, Shiʿi theology.
THOSE WHO CANN’T HOLD ONTO THEİR OWN STORİES ON THE MİGRATİON ROUTE: THE EXAMPLE OF THE NOVEL ‘UMUT PERONU’
The establishment of relations between Turkey and Germany, driven by trade, education, and similar reasons, dates back to the 1760s*. A special regulation issued by the Ottomans for Germans in 1857 formalized this emerging social proximity, facilitating a mutual labor and migration relationship between the two countries, contingent on the condition that migrants were farmers or artisans (Mortan and Sarfati, 2011: 14). While the influx of workers may not have begun with Ahmed Talib, who was sent to Germany as an apprentice in 1917, the step taken under those circumstances was highly significant. Ahmed’s journey learning shoemaking with three German youths, leaving his master in 1923, selling his household goods to open a small shop, and becoming engaged to a German woman, which cost him his Turkish citizenship marks the beginning of an extraordinary story. Although Ahmed applied for German citizenship and his application was rejected following the rise of the National Socialists to power, leaving him stateless. He was eventually granted East German citizenship in 1961 but died in 1983 without ever fulfilling his deep desire to see Istanbul. A similar story is that of Rebia Başokçu, who employed 60 tailors. Arriving in Berlin from Paris with only 7 Franks in her pocket, it opened first tailor’s shop, closely observed German society, and became an influential figure in fashion. Noting that, ‘women stopped wearing hats and stockings for economy due to the continuous devaluation of the German currency, and men reused old top hats at home to avoid buying new felt hats’ (Çelikbudak, 2015: 227), Başokçu would later be remembered as one of 44 prominent Turks. Herr President, Prof. Theodor Heuss’s visiting to Turkey in 1957, his invitation of 150 young people to Germany for vocational training and the subsequent decision of their interns at the Ford Plant in Cologne (1958), who are referred as ‘Heuss Turks’ and have opted for retirement instead of repatriation in the 1990, were phenomena of sociological nature. Similarly, the acceptance of Prof. Fritz Baade’s project by the German Foreign Ministry to bring skilled individuals from Turkey and provide them with ‘vocational and language training’ marked a foundational step. * On April 2, 1761, a Treaty of Friendship, Navigation, and Commerce was signed between Prussia and the Ottoman Empire. Although this treaty is considered the beginning of official relations, the interaction is more notably remembered for the campaign of Frederick Barbarossa, the first German Emperor, who passed through Konya (Battle of Iconium, 1190) on his way to Jerusalem during the Third Crusade (1189-1192).
RISHI MARKANDEYA AND THE ISLAND OF BALI: A SPIRITUAL BRIDGE ACROSS THE SEAS
The remarkable association of Rishi Markandeya, a revered immortal sage in Indian tradition, with the island of Bali in Indonesia underscores the far-reaching influence of ancient Indian culture across Southeast Asia. Rooted in Usana Bali (traditional Balinese palm-leaf manuscripts) and Lontar texts, as also in Balinese oral traditions, the narrative of this article highlights Markandeya's pivotal role in introducing the philosophy of Agama Tirtha, the “Religion of Holy Water,” and establishing the sacred Besakih Temple at Mount Agung. According to Balinese lore, Markandeya’s initial expedition to Bali along with his followers failed due to a disease outbreak, most likely cholera, prompting his return to Java. Upon deep introspection and application of Atharva-vedic knowledge and Rasa Shastra principles, he developed a water purification strategy and returned to Bali. Using the therapeutic principles of the Panch Dhatus, five sacred metals, he sanctified the water sources on the island, by strategically burying these metals at specific points on Mount Agung, especially in the areas around Besakih temple. This contribution of Rishi Markandeya to the unique Balinese hydrological and temple systems is maintained to this day. By integrating Vedic teachings with local animistic practices, Markandeya also laid the foundation for Balinese Hinduism, where water rituals such as melukat and sacred springs like Tirta Empul continue to play a central role. His legacy is embedded in Bali’s cultural identity, temple architecture, and ritual practices, illustrating how spiritual and ecological wisdom can be intertwined to sustain communities. This article underscores the enduring relevance of Markandeya’s contributions, not only in preserving Hindu traditions in Bali but also in demonstrating the role of traditional knowledge systems in environmental stewardship and health.
STRATEGY FOR IMPLEMENTING THE RESERVE COMPONENT FORMATION POLICY (KOMCAD) AT THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
The Indonesian Reserves Command (Komcad) program, as part of the total defense system (Sishanta), continues to operate today, despite declining public interest, uncertain welfare, incomplete regulations, and inadequate implementation of the Komcad program. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Komcad formation policy at the Indonesian Ministry of Defense, diagnose the factors that contribute to its ineffectiveness, and formulate an effective and ideal strategy for implementing Komcad formation at the Indonesian Ministry of Defense. The method used in this study is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach through interviews, observations, and document studies. Problem analysis is assessed using Michael Hill & Peter L. Hupp's policy implementation theory. To formulate the policy strategy, the researcher uses a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis. The results indicate that the implementation of the Komcad formation policy at the Indonesian Ministry of Defense is ineffective. This ineffectiveness is caused by problems in the dimensions/aspects of Policy Characteristics, Policy Formation, and the Impact of Responses from Those Affected by the Policy. The most crucial challenges in implementing the Komcad formation policy are the complexity of unmet policies and regulations, budget constraints, and negative public perceptions arising from the policy's impact. The ideal strategy to address these issues is diversification, which maximizes potential strengths to address or minimize threats in the implementation of the Komcad formation policy at the Indonesian Ministry of Defense.
Strategy, Policy Implementation, Reserve Component
Dony Rahmad Putra, R. Taqwaty Firdausijah, Yaya Mulyana Abdul Azis
BEYOND MEDICATION AND TOWARD ADVOCACY: QUANTITATIVE INSIGHTS ON THE ROLES OF PATIENT EXPERIENCE AND TRUST IN HOSPITAL SELECTION
This study investigates the influence of Beyond Medication (BM) and Completeness of Service Facilities (CSF) on Positive Patient Experience (PPE) and Patient Trust (PT) toward Brand Advocacy (BA) in the context of hospital selection in Batu City, Malang, Indonesia. Using a quantitative approach with 340 respondents from an infinite population, data were analyzed through the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The findings reveal that Beyond Medication plays a pivotal role in shaping patient experience and trust, particularly through Communication on Intake (loading = 0.917), Security (BM1.3, loading = 0.901), and Information from Doctor (BM2.1, loading = 0.905). These indicators emphasize the importance of empathy, patient-centered communication, and a strong sense of safety in fostering positive perceptions. Similarly, the Completeness of Service Facilities significantly contributes to enhancing patient experience and trust via adequate waiting room facilities (CSF1.2, loading = 0.938) and arranging facilities (CSF2.1, loading = 0.917), underscoring the value of comfort, cleanliness, and efficient spatial management. Moreover, Positive Patient Experience emerges from effective interactions with medical staff, a supportive physical environment, and genuine attentiveness, which enhance patients' trust and encourage Brand Advocacy. This study demonstrates that communication quality, security, and facility adequacy directly improve patients’ positive experiences, trust, and willingness to recommend hospitals. Within Batu City’s sociocultural context, empathy, safety, and comfort are strategic elements in shaping patient perceptions and advocacy.
Beyond Medication, Completeness of Service Facilities, Patient Experience, Trust, Brand Advocacy
Siwi Dyah Ratnasari, Yupono Bagyo, andTita Hariyanti
DEVELOPING SPEAKING FLUENCY, CONFIDENCE, AND WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE THROUGH 4/3/2-BASED BOOK-SPEAKING ACTIVITIES AMONG JAPANESE EFL LEARNERS
This research focuses on the impact of a 4/3/2 fluency-building book-speaking activity on the English-speaking fluency, confidence, and willingness to communicate of Japanese university students in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) scenario. 23 private Japanese university undergraduate students participated in a series of timed book discussion sessions structured around the 4/3/2 task-repetition framework. For each session, the time allotted for speaking was gradually reduced, and the listeners of the session were changed in peer listening and speaking interaction to provide varied interaction. A mixed-method approach was utilized with a 10-item Likert-scale questionnaire and 10 open-ended questions to gather quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data provided were in several measures of confidence, peer collaboration, and overall participation, with means of 4.13, 4.39, and 4.00, respectively, and were internally consistent and reliable (Cronbach’s alpha = .90) as well as positive in the extremities. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically in MAXQDA, Braun and Clarke’s (2006) proposed 6-phase approach, and provided the following themes: improvement in fluency, the triggering of speaking anxiety, and motivational enhancement by peer evaluation. These findings imply that time-structured repetition and peer interaction positively influence the development of fluency, self-efficacy, and willingness to communicate for Japanese EFL students. The research underscores the teaching value of emphasizing 4/3/2 speaking activities in college English courses to facilitate students' construction of automaticity, confidence, and continuous communicative involvement.
Developing Speaking Fluency, Confidence, and Willingness to Communicate through 4/3/2-Based Book-Speaking Activities among Japanese EFL Learners
Saranyaraja Muthumaniraja , Payal Khurana, Divyabha Vashisht
ROLE OF WOMEN SELF HELP GROUPS IN RURAL WOMEN SELF-RELIANCE: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY
According to the famous economist Amartya Sen: “Women’s empowerment will not only have a positive impact on the lives of women, but men and children will also benefit from it.” Women have always held a revered position in Indian society and have played a vital role in the development of both society and civilization. Women constitute about half of India’s total population, and with nearly 68% of the population residing in rural areas, where the economy is primarily agriculture-based, the goal of universal development cannot be achieved without the development of women. Despite this, a significant proportion of women remain socially and economically disadvantaged. An irony of the employment scenario in rural India is that women, who actively manage household chores, farming, animal husbandry, fuel collection, and cottage industry activities, are often neither economically evaluated nor classified as employed. Employment opportunities are indeed more abundant in villages, and the ratio of working women there is higher than in urban areas. However, the nature of employment is predominantly labor-intensive, wages are low, and women often lack education and skills. Furthermore, wage discrimination against women persists. In this context, Self-Help Groups (SHGs) have emerged as an important tool for empowering women. SHGs play a significant role in protecting women’s rights, promoting self-reliance, and improving their social, economic, and political status. Presently, women’s SHGs have not only become transformative agents in rural India, fostering economic independence and social empowerment, but they have also become a powerful medium for political and social organization. Women’s participation in rural development is often limited by socio-economic and cultural barriers that restrict their involvement in economic and community activities. SHGs have proven to be a grassroots initiative that organizes women collectively for mutual cooperation, financial inclusion, and entrepreneurship development. This concept was formally launched by NABARD in 1992 through the SHG-Bank Linkage Programme (SBLP) and has since become a cornerstone of rural development strategies in India. The aim of this paper is to examine, based on primary and secondary data, how SHGs contribute to the self-reliance of rural women, with a focus on their economic, social, and political empowerment. The paper also reviews the policy framework supporting SHGs and highlights the challenges that hinder their effectiveness. The research was conducted among 80 women from 8 self-help groups (Ganesh S.H.G., S.V.V. S.H.G., Jai Ma Kali S.H.G., Jai Bheem S.H.G., Jai Bajrangbali Ajivika S.H.G., Fulan S.H.G., and Tulshi S.H.G.) in the rural areas of the Bankati block, Basti district, Uttar Pradesh. Data was collected using a purposive sampling method, a type of non-probability sampling. Primary data sources included interview schedules, group discussions, and observation methods, while analysis and interpretation were conducted using the simple percentage method. The study also draws on secondary data, reviewing various research papers, journals, books, and government and non-government reports to understand the role of women’s SHGs in promoting self-reliance. The paper aims to analyze how SHGs have contributed to women’s self-reliance in India, examining their impact on economic, social, and political empowerment.
Women self-reliance, Self-Help Group, Rural women, Economic empowerment, Women participation
Anjali Tripathi, Dr. Rajshree Mathpal, Anjali Tripathi
INSTAGRAM VS. NEWSPAPERS AS SOURCES OF NEWS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY AMONG JOURNALISM STUDENTS IN GUWAHATI
This paper investigates the contrasting roles of Instagram and Newspapers as news sources among journalism students in Guwahati. Utilizing a quantitative survey of 101 undergraduates and postgraduates, the study examines platform preferences, influencing factors, and perceptions regarding credibility, engagement, and career alignment. Results reveal a strong generational shift toward Instagram, with 69.3% favoring it for ease of access, entertainment, and engaging storytelling, while newspapers remain preferred for in-depth analysis and credibility with 64.4% and 72.3% respectively valuing these aspects. Instagram is the go-to platform for human interest and entertainment news, whereas newspapers are used primarily for political reporting and hard news. Despite a slight professional tilt toward Instagram, students recognize the continued relevance of traditional journalism. The findings indicate that the future of news consumption and journalism education in Guwahati is envisioned as hybrid, integrating the immediacy and visual strengths of social media with the analytical rigor and trustworthiness of traditional media. The study highlights the necessity for journalism curricula to bridge digital and conventional domains, preparing students with skills for a convergent media landscape.
Instagram, Newspapers, Journalism Students, News Consumption, Media Credibility.
Dr. Champa Devi, Dr. Esha Chakraborty, Ms. Sharmista Pradhan
UNLOCKING REAL-TIME INSIGHTS: TRANSFORMER-BASED DEEP LEARNING FOR VIDEO SURVEILLANCE AND HEALTHCARE
Our framework is a deep learning model using a transformer to process video in real-time intended in surveillance and healthcare settings. We conduct a benchmarking of the performance of Vision Transformers (ViT) and Swin Transformers on three large-scale datasets, namely, UCF-Crime, VIRAT and MIMIC-CXR. On 2019-04-10 under the same settings, our models used 16x16 image patch and hierarchical attention mechanisms need to achieve the same mean Average Precision (mAP) as using CNN-based methods yet, our models increased by 12.4 percent. We fine-tuned the performance in the model using AdamW optimizer and carried out privacy-preserving preprocessing, like data anonymization. The Swin Transformer has been shown to achieve the highest trade-off between accuracy and latency, recording sub 100ms inference time, which is an acceptable limit of edge deployment. We examined too trade-offs among model complexity as well as responsiveness with a focus on feasibility of deployment. Ethical issues were taken care of with the differences of privacy approaches and federated learning models in order to protect sensitive information. We have established that Transformer models provide accuracy as well as efficacy to real-time video intelligence thus it is gratifying to conclude that it can be deployed in secure, mass scalability within the context of both public safety and healthcare.
Transformer Models, Real-Time Video Analytics, Vision Transformer (ViT), TimeSformer, Swin Transformer, Video Surveillance, Healthcare AI, Deep Learning, Anomaly Detection, Patient Monitoring.
Mohammad Shahadat Hossain, , Khairul Anam, Mohammad Mosiur Rahman, Ramesh Poudel, Ahmed Saif Muntaseer, Kailash Dhakal
NEO-VAISHNAVISM IN ASSAM AND SATRA INSTITUTIONS
Neo-Vaishnavism developed by Sankardeva (1449-1568), the great social and religious reformer of 15th-16th century Assam. It was basically a religious movement, preaching the monotheistic faith in lord Krishna. The Satras are a kind of medieval Vaishnava religious institution created with the explicit purpose of spreading Neo-Vaishnavism. This institution, however, did not grow to their matured structural form during the life time of the saint who died in the year 1568 after a long span of life of about one hundred and twenty years. It is recorded that Sankardeva started to proselytize in congregational gatherings of his devotees under the shade of trees in line with the Satra as described in the Bhagavata Purana, building prayer halls (namghar) and performing bhaonas, religious songs and playing musical instruments, and reciting the Bhagavata. Sankaradeva did this first at his native village at Bardowa within the present district of Nagaon and then at DhuwahatBelaguri within the Majuli island in the first half of the 16th century.
Vaishnavism, Neo-Vaishnavism, Sankardeva, Satra
THE UNIFORM CIVIL CODE: STRIKING A BALANCE BETWEEN SECULARISM, RELIGIOUS AUTONOMY, AND GENDER JUSTICE IN INDIA
The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) represents an on-going effort to harmonize personal laws across religious and cultural lines in India, aiming to promote equality, gender justice, and national unity. Rooted in Article 44 of the Constitution, the UCC has been widely debated, with the judiciary often emphasizing its desirability while acknowledging the complexities of its implementation. This paper explores the historical, legal, and social dimensions of the UCC, including key cases like Narasu Appa Mali, Shah Bano, and Sarla Mudgil, as well as regional applications like the Goa Civil Code and recent developments in Uttarakhand. The study also examines challenges in addressing marriage, divorce, inheritance, and live-in relationships within a diverse society, particularly focusing on concerns of tribal and minority communities. By analyzing the interplay between constitutional principles, political discourse, and societal needs, this paper evaluates the feasibility of a UCC that respects India’s cultural diversity while advancing justice and equality.
Directive Principles of State Policy, Gender Equality, Religious Diversity, Live-In Relationships, Family Law Uniformity
Prof. Sanjeev Kumar Chadha, Amit Kumar Singh
FRICTION IN THE MOUNTAINS: A CASE OF NIYAMGIRI MOVEMENT IN INDIA
With the rapid growth of industrialization and the changing global institutions during the globalized era, India is home to many development projects by leading corporate organizations, various multi-lateral, and bi-lateral agencies, which are being implemented in close coordination with the local and state government bodies. The government has joined hands with global agencies to implement large infrastructure development projects that are largely in forests as well as other mineral intensive areas, populated with indigenous communities. The indigenous communities are highly affected in terms of livelihood opportunities, spaces of habitation, land ownership, displacement challenges, access to basic resources etc. in such a situation of disadvantages, tribal communities are witnessing oppression, forceful displacements and loss of livelihood and culture. This paper focuses on understanding the changes that happen in the mountain community of Niyamgiri after the mining company arrives with the help of the state. The central argument of the paper is how indigenous people react to the arrival of the destructive industry and how they witness the phenomena of cultural friction.
Friction, globalization, development, extractive-industries, mining, global governance, indigenous resistance,