ASSESSING TECHNO-NATIONALISM AND STRATEGIC AUTONOMY IN INDIA’S DEFENCE AND SECURITY POLICY

Abstract

India’s pursuit of security now rests on technology and self-reliance. This paper examines techno nationalism and strategic autonomy in India’s defence and security policy. It analyses how the state seeks to reduce external dependence strengthening domestic capability. You see this shift through Atmanirbhar Bharat, defence procurement reforms, and greater support for private firms and startups. The study reviews institutional changes, major defence programs, and platform outcomes such as Tejas, Akash, and Pinaka. It also assesses India’s balancing strategy through continued engagement with Russia, deeper cooperation with the United States, and selective partnerships with France. The findings show measurable gains in indigenization, industrial participation, and defence exports. At the same time, critical gaps persist in jet engines, sensors, and advanced electronics. Budget constraints, skill shortages, and slow testing processes limit progress. The paper argues that India has strengthened techno nationalism, but strategic autonomy in defence remains incomplete.